© Shutterstock / POR FOLHAPRESS / POR SRS
nnnnEm julgamento que terminou na última sexta-feira (23), a corte votou pela constitucionalidade da regra que reduz o benefício pela metade, frustrando a expectativa de muitos segurados
nnnnFOLHAPRESS) – Os ministros do STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal) validaram o cálculo da pensão por morte do INSS definido após a reforma da Previdência de 2019. Em julgamento que terminou na última sexta-feira (23), a corte votou pela constitucionalidade da regra que reduz o benefício pela metade, frustrando a expectativa de muitos segurados.
nnnnDe acordo com a emenda constitucional 103, é paga como pensão por morte uma cota familiar de 50% sobre o benefício do segurado que morreu, caso ele estivesse aposentado, ou sobre a aposentadoria por invalidez a que ele teria direito, mais 10% por dependente, até o limite de 100%. Antes da reforma, a pensão correspondia a 100% do benefício.
nnnnA pensão foi o benefício que mais sofreu alterações nos últimos anos. Além da reforma, as regras mudaram em dois momentos antes da aprovação da emenda constitucional. Em 2015, a pensão deixou de ser vitalícia, tornando-se temporária.
nnnnA duração passou a ser calculada de acordo com o tempo de união ou casamento e conforme a idade do dependente. Também foi instituída a exigência de carência de 18 meses de contribuições do segurado e de 24 meses do casamento ou união.
nnnnEm 2019, mais mudanças foram implementadas. Passaram a ser exigidos documentos mais específicos para comprovar a união estável do casal, de até 24 meses anteriores à morte, não sendo mais admitida prova exclusivamente por meio de testemunhas.
nnnnComo é o cálculo da pensão por morte atualmente?
nnnnA pensão é de 50% da aposentadoria mais 10% por dependente, até o limite de 100%
nnnn- n
- Caso o segurado não estivesse aposentado, a pensão é calculada sobre a aposentadoria por incapacidade permanente -antiga aposentadoria por invalidez- a que o cidadão teria direito nnnn
- A viúva é considerada uma dependente. Se ela não tiver filhos menores receberá 60% da aposentadoria do marido nnnn
- Se, após aplicar a cota por dependente, o valor calculado pelo INSS for menor do que o salário mínimo, será pago um salário mínimo para o dependente nnnn
- Quando há dependentes inválidos ou deficientes, a pensão por morte será de 100% da aposentadoria que o segurado falecido recebia ou da aposentadoria por invalidez a que teria direito na data do óbito n
Como era o cálculo da pensão antes da reforma da Previdência?
nnnnPara morte até o dia 13 de novembro de 2019, quando a reforma da Previdência foi publicada, a pensão era igual ao valor da aposentadoria do segurado que morreu Se ele ainda não estava aposentado, a pensão correspondia à sua 100% da média salarial, calculada sobre os 80% maiores contribuições desde julho de 1994 Também não havia a redução por cotas.
nnnnUma viúva sem filhos recebia o mesmo valor de benefício do que uma viúva que tivesse outros dependentes do segurado que morreu Se o segurado ganhasse uma aposentadoria de R$ 3.000, por exemplo, ou tivesse média salarial de R$ 3.000, os dependentes receberiam exatamente o mesmo valor
n
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