Cientistas de Nova Zelândia publicaram o mapa definitivo da Zelândia, o continente ‘perdido’ que se encontra 95% submerso
/s2.glbimg.com/hmaHHrcngArLTTw6SlfsHUxYdZE%3D/200x0/filters%3Aquality%2870%29/i.s3.glbimg.com/v1/AUTH_59edd422c0c84a879bd37670ae4f538a/internal_photos/bs/2018/O/W/HwkTzFSHWacfk1GndHhg/bbc-news-tile-hr-rgb.jpg)
Aristóteles, Eratóstenes e, mais tarde, o cartógrafo Ptolomeu a chamaram de Terra Australis Ignota.
Em busca desse continente imaginário, que na Grécia clássica acreditavam ter existido do outro lado do mundo devido à simetria geométrica, o explorador holandês Abel Tasman se deparou com uma nova terra em 1642, as ilhas que hoje conhecemos como Nova Zelândia. Mas isso parecia pequeno demais para ser o que procuravam.
Demorou 375 anos para confirmar que o continente, chamado Zelândia, realmente existia, embora fosse em grande parte invisível a olho nu: 94% dele está submerso.
Agora, um novo estudo conseguiu completar o mapa definitivo da Zelândia ou, como é conhecido em Maori, o povo nativo da Nova Zelândia, Te Riu-a-Māui.
Em um estudo publicado na revista Tectonics, cientistas da GNS Science da Nova Zelândia criaram um novo mapa detalhado dos limites da Zelândia, que conseguiram traçar graças a amostras de rochas dragadas do fundo do oceano.
O continente se estende por 5 milhões de quilômetros quadrados e só agora a sua superfície completa foi estabelecida.
A sua história está ligada à de Gondwana, o antigo supercontinente meridional que, ao ser dividido há centenas de milhões de anos, criou os continentes que conhecemos hoje.
A Zelândia se separou há cerca de 80 milhões de anos mas, ao contrário dos continentes vizinhos da Antártida ou da Oceânia, a maior parte do seu território ficou submerso.
Basaltos, arenitos e seixos
/i.s3.glbimg.com/v1/AUTH_59edd422c0c84a879bd37670ae4f538a/internal_photos/bs/2023/Z/4/py7OW6QhOLeSFg7BNzFg/0f49a050-5e1d-11ee-93e8-5d16174eb488.jpg)
Mapa mostra a Zelândia em comparação com outros países e regiões — Foto: Arte BBC / Fonte GNS Science.
A única porção de terra que resta na superfície são as ilhas da Nova Zelândia, o território francês da Nova Caledônia e os minúsculos territórios australianos da Ilha Lord Howe e da Pirâmide de Ball.
Por estar submersa, a Zelândia foi pouco e mal estudada, criando inconsistências sobre sua forma e limites. Até agora, apenas a parte sul do continente tinha sido mapeada.
Com a nova investigação liderada pelo geólogo Nick Mortimer, foram definidos os dois terços que faltavam e os mapas existentes foram refinados, para que “o mapeamento geológico de reconhecimento terrestre e marinho de todo o continente da Zelândia, de 5 milhões de km2, fosse agora concluído”, diz o estudo.
Para isso, a equipe de geólogos e sismólogos estudou as amostras de rochas e sedimentos coletados no fundo do oceano, principalmente em perfurações, e também os exemplares que surgiram nas costas das ilhas da região.
Basaltos, arenitos e seixos areníticos foram analisados e datados. Os pesquisadores descobriram que os arenitos eram do Cretáceo Superior (cerca de 95 milhões de anos) e continham granito e seixos vulcânicos do Cretáceo Inferior (130 a 110 milhões de anos). Os basaltos foram datados do Eoceno (cerca de 40 milhões de anos).
Esses resultados, juntamente com dados de anomalias magnéticas regionais e informações de outros estudos, ajudaram os cientistas a mapear a geologia subaquática do norte da Zelândia.
Após o primeiro avistamento europeu em 1642 por Abel Tasman (que mais tarde daria o seu nome à ilha da Tasmânia), outros exploradores e cientistas percorreram as águas da Zelândia em busca do continente perdido sem perceber que flutuavam acima dele.
As primeiras pistas reais sobre a sua existência foram recolhidas pelo naturalista escocês James Hector, que em 1895 estudou as ilhas ao largo da costa sul da Nova Zelândia e concluiu que o país é “o remanescente de uma cordilheira que formou a crista de uma grande área continental que se estendia para o sul e o leste, e que agora está submersa.”
Então, em 1995, o geofísico americano Bruce Luyendyk descreveu novamente a região como um continente e sugeriu chamá-la de Zelândia.
O que muda?
A crosta continental tem geralmente cerca de 40 km de profundidade e é significativamente mais espessa do que a crosta oceânica, que normalmente tem apenas cerca de 10 km.
A Zelândia tem cerca de 20 km de profundidade porque a sua plataforma se espalhou muito quando se separou de Gondwana. Por ser tão fina, acabou afundando, embora não ao nível da crosta oceânica normal.
Os cientistas defendem que, tanto pela altura da sua crosta como pelo tipo de rochas que a compõem, a Zelândia é definitivamente um continente.
Além do interesse científico, mudará alguma coisa se os pesquisadores definirem a Zelândia como um novo continente?
Mudará, sim.
De acordo com a Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar, os países podem estender os seus territórios legais para além da sua Zona Econômica Exclusiva, que chega a 370 km das suas costas, para reivindicar a sua “plataforma continental alargada”, com todas as riquezas minerais e petrolíferas que isso engloba.
Ao provar que faz parte de um continente maior, a Nova Zelândia poderia aumentar seis vezes o seu território.
Isso significaria que as verbas para a exploração marinha se multiplicariam.
Been messing around on Craybet for like a couple months and figured I’d share what I think since I haven’t seen many posts about it on here. I signed up after seeing an ad and the whole process took maybe two minutes. Minimum deposit is $10 and that’s about what you’d expect. I grabbed a welcome bonus — 100 percent match to $500 plus fifty free spins on Sweet Bonanza. Playthrough requirements were 35x and that is kinda average but it’s manageable.
Game selection is decent honestly. You’ll find titles from Pragmatic Play, Betsoft, and Big Time Gaming — meaning Gates of Olympus, Starburst, all the popular ones. Probably close to 1500-2000 slots total if you count everything. Live dealer stuff runs on Evolution which is legit — tried roulette and Lightning Roulette with actual croupiers and it worked great.
Tbh the thing that kinda bugged me was payout speed. Withdrew via Bitcoin and it took almost two days for my first withdrawal. Second time around things sped up. They accept Visa, Mastercard, Skrill, Neteller, and crypto which covers most bases. I’d look at what they’ve got going on at CrayBet before you sign up.
Using Craybet on my phone is actually smooth. No dedicated app but the browser version loads fast and slots and live games work no problem. Played a few sessions on my commute and didn’t notice any lag or glitches.
Support at Craybet is alright — live chat that gets you a person in under five minutes usually. Reached out once about a pending withdrawal and got it fixed same day. Not sure about Curacao-based from what I can tell and that’s standard for US-friendly sites. It’s not flawless — the bonus wagering could be lower — but overall I’m still using it.
So I’ve been playing on Craybet for like six weeks or so and figured I’d share what I think since I haven’t seen many posts about it in this forum. Registered after seeing an ad and registration took maybe a couple minutes. Minimum deposit is ten bucks which is pretty standard. They threw in a sign-up bonus — matched my first deposit 100% up to 500 plus fifty free spins on Sweet Bonanza. Wagering was 35x and that could be lower but it’s manageable.
The game library is bigger than I expected. You’ll find titles from Pragmatic Play, NetEnt, plus Microgaming — meaning Book of Dead, Starburst, the usual heavy hitters. Probably close to 1500-2000 slots when you add it all up. Live casino is powered by Evolution and it’s smooth — played some blackjack and Crazy Time with real dealers and zero lag issues.
Tbh the thing that annoyed me a little was withdrawal times. I used Skrill and it took almost two days for my first withdrawal. Second time around it dropped to like 24 hours. Payment options include Visa, Mastercard, Skrill, Neteller, Bitcoin which is most bases. I’d check out what they’ve got going on over at Craybet to see for yourself.
Mobile experience on Craybet on my phone is actually smooth. I didn’t find a native app though the mobile site loads fast and all the games load no problem. I played some slots on the bus and had zero problems.
Customer service on Craybet is okay — live chat that actually connects in under five minutes usually. Reached out once about a pending withdrawal and they sorted it within hours. I think they’re Curacao licensed which is what most US-friendly sites. It’s not flawless — the bonus wagering could be lower — but overall I’m still using it.
I’ve been using Craybet for about a couple months and figured I’d share what I think since I haven’t seen many posts about this place on here. Registered on a whim and registration took maybe a couple minutes. Minimum deposit is $10 which is about what you’d expect. They threw in a welcome bonus — 100% up to $500 plus 50 free spins on Gates of Olympus. Playthrough requirements were 35 times the bonus which is kinda average but it’s manageable.
The game library is decent honestly. You’ll find games from Pragmatic Play, Betsoft, and Big Time Gaming — so like Gates of Olympus, Gonzo’s Quest, the usual heavy hitters. Somewhere around 1500-2000 slots including table games. The live dealer section uses Evolution which is quality — tried blackjack and Crazy Time with real dealers and it worked great.
Tbh the thing that kinda bugged me was how long cashouts take. Tried cashing out with Skrill and it took like a day and a half the first time. Second time around things sped up. Payment options include Visa, Mastercard, e-wallets like Skrill and Neteller, and crypto so that covers most bases. You can check out the full bonus details at Craybet review to see for yourself.
Mobile experience on Craybet on my phone is actually smooth. I didn’t find a native app — the web app runs well and all the games load fine. I played a few sessions on the bus and had zero problems.
Support at Craybet has been decent — they have live chat that actually connects in under five minutes when I’ve used it. Reached out once about a bonus that didn’t credit and they sorted it within hours. Licensing is Curacao-based from what I can tell and that’s what most US-friendly sites. Not everything is amazing — wish they had more payment options — but for what it is I’m still using it.
So I’ve been playing on Craybet for about six weeks or so and figured I’d share some thoughts since there isn’t many posts about it around here. Signed up after seeing an ad and registration took maybe two minutes. Min deposit was $10 and that’s normal for US-facing sites. They threw in a sign-up bonus — matched my first deposit 100% up to 500 plus fifty free spins on Sweet Bonanza. Playthrough requirements were 35 times the bonus which isn’t amazing but not the worst I’ve seen.
Their slots catalog is bigger than I expected. There’s stuff from Pragmatic Play, NetEnt, plus Big Time Gaming — meaning Book of Dead, Gonzo’s Quest, the usual heavy hitters. I’d guess maybe 1500-2000 slots total if you count everything. Live casino runs on Evolution and it’s quality — played some baccarat and Crazy Time with real dealers and zero lag issues.
Now the one thing that annoyed me a little was withdrawal times. I used Skrill and waited almost two days for my first withdrawal. Once you’re verified though it dropped to like 24 hours. They accept credit cards, e-wallets like Skrill and Neteller, Bitcoin so that covers pretty much everything you’d want. You can look at what they’ve got going on at Craybet free spins before you sign up.
Using Craybet on mobile is actually smooth. No dedicated app though the browser version runs well and all the games load fine. Was playing a few sessions on my commute and had zero performance issues.
Customer service on Craybet has been decent — they have live chat that gets you a person in under five minutes when I’ve used it. Reached out once about my verification docs and they sorted it same day. I think they’re Curacao-based from what I can tell which is typical of platforms like this. Not everything is amazing — the bonus wagering could be lower — but overall I’m still using it.
Słuchajcie, odbojnice przemysłowe to często pomijany, ale kluczowy element wyposażenia. Solidne odbojnice ochronne potrafią ochronić maszyny przed uszkodzeniami, przy tym minimalizują ryzyko wypadków. Wbijając w Google odboje przemysłowe stalowe trafiłem na ciekawe rozwiązania, które mogą się przydać wybierając odboje przemysłowe. Warto pamiętać, że odbojnice bariero warto, żeby były odpowiednio oznaczone. Jakie macie zdanie na temat nowoczesnych rozwiązań w tej dziedzinie?